LORA Public Chain System

From an overall program architecture perspective, a blockchain is a chain-like data structure formed by sequentially connecting data blocks in chronological order. It is a distributed ledger guaranteed to be tamper-proof and unforgery through cryptography. Originally, blockchain technology is a brand-new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that utilizes a block-chain data structure to verify and store data, distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data. As shown in the figure:

LORA, based on the Tendermint cross-chain protocol, optimizes the BFT algorithm mechanism to create a multi-chain parallel system based on computer technologies such as distributed data storage, peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanisms, and efficiency-optimized cryptographic algorithms.
LORA possesses all the advantages of traditional blockchains. It is functionally divided into a Token chain and a data storage chain, and is compatible with the underlying Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) smart contract development. This ensures communication efficiency and security between applications and the chain, improves the overall system's concurrency capabilities, and reduces service response time, while enabling data systems built upon it to operate efficiently and stably.

Public Chain Architecture System

LORA optimizes and establishes the underlying system architecture for high traffic, high concurrency, and cross-blockchain data and models. The stable operation of LORA requires a reliable, secure, scalable, and easily maintainable application system platform for support.
LORA divides the blockchain system into the following layers:

User Service Layer

On-Chain Service Layer

Development Service Layer

Underlying Protocol Layer

LORA Design Philosophy

LORA adopts the Tendermint cross-chain protocol, utilizing a 1+N parallel chain, static ledger, LRB space-time proof, dynamic storage, polymorphic nodes, node transfer, node elimination, and POS consensus mechanism. It provides an open-source IDE development environment based on the needs of commercial application systems, building a true ecosystem for Blockchain 3.0 commercial applications.
The Token chain, as the encrypted token of the public chain, is a decentralized digital token carrier based on blockchain as a payment technology. The encrypted digital LORAToken system enables direct peer-to-peer transactions, thus avoiding issues of traditional centralized payments such as high handling fees and cumbersome processes. All transactions must be authenticated by network nodes and permanently recorded in the Token chain's public distributed ledger based on blockchain technology. LORAToken is the most important tool for realizing LORA's value transmission.

LORA Technical Features

The characteristics of a blockchain database are decentralization, openness, autonomy, and immutability. Blockchain is closely related to decentralized applications (DAPPs) and is very suitable for providing storage functions for DAPPs.
LORA's 1+N multi-chain structure essentially consists of a public chain + N sub-chains. The public chain and sub-chains handle business logic and data partitioning, and are not a physical separation of public and private chains. There is only one public chain, while theoretically there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain can run one or more DAPP systems. Sub-chains use the latest sharding storage technology, support parallel processing of multiple transactions, and asynchronously write to the public chain transaction ledger after completion. This is one of the best ways to solve network congestion.

Distributed Data System Public Chain Technical Architecture

Protocol Layer

The so-called protocol layer refers to the most fundamental technology of the blockchain. This layer is usually a complete blockchain product that maintains network nodes and only provides APIs for calls. The protocol layer mainly includes four aspects: network programming, distributed algorithms, cryptographic signatures, and data storage technology.

Compatible SOLIDITY Virtual Machine Extension Layer

SOLIDITY extension layer smart contracts are "programmable contracts" based on Ethereum's EVM. When a certain condition is met, the contract automatically executes, such as automatic securities transfer, automatic payment, etc. The architectural design is more scientific, making blockchain data smaller and the network more independent, while also ensuring that extension layer development is unconstrained.

Application Layer

The application layer consists of products that ordinary people can directly use. It can also be understood as the browser end (Browser) in B/S architecture products. Various light wallets (clients) used by everyone should be considered the simplest and most typical applications of the application layer. Programming implementation: C++, JLORscript, Python, Go, etc.

Consensus Layer

LORA adopts a hybrid consensus mechanism of a hive node network and round-robin, which can ultimately achieve a scaling effect superior to the Lightning Network. The underlying public chain uses a multi-layer structure of Token chain + parallel chains to meet the high concurrency and high interaction demands of DAPP application matrices in the Web3.0 era.

Incentive Layer

This layer uses extended chain storage technology to store private key owner signatures and basic data on the extension chain. When users upload large data, the chain data storage network automatically searches for nodes, forming a new type of peer-to-peer transmission network. Data rights are confirmed while ensuring data integrity, thereby further enhancing storage and access security.

Extended P2P Network Protocol

Each sub-chain can be moderately customized according to different commercial applications. By building VEPs between sub-chains, their working method is similar to a gateway, allowing information and value exchange between sub-chains via VEPs. Through such collaboration, a multi-application blockchain ecosystem can be formed.

Homogeneous Cross-Chain Mechanism

LORA's multi-chain structure can meet various complex business needs in the real world. Businesses of different types and characteristics run on different sub-chains, such as compute-intensive, IO-intensive, and hybrid types. Businesses with different security level requirements can also run on different layers, such as domains, which are independent yet interconnected. There is less coupling between main chains, leveraging the advantages of parallel processing.

Heterogeneous/Relay Flexible Cross-Chain Mechanism

LORA implements a universal flexible cross-chain mechanism through a series of targeted collaborative smart contracts, asynchronous communication, state machines, and hash locking technology. This breaks through the communication bottlenecks of various blockchain systems, allowing various digital assets to interconnect. Appropriate cross-chain collaboration mechanisms effectively ensure the valid and reliable transmission of consensus and value between internal parallel chains and with other public chains.

LORA Sidechain Structure

A sidechain is a special type of blockchain that uses "SPV pegging" technology to achieve asset transfer with other blockchains. This allows users to use existing assets to access new cryptocurrency systems. Sidechains can enable blockchains to achieve better performance and privacy protection.

Flexible Support for Commercial Applications

Through network forking, data customization, smart contract deployment and upgrades, asset transaction monitoring, and visual features, blockchain applications become simple and user-friendly. It supports multiple languages, from Lua and C++ to JLOR, enabling developers from different platforms to build conveniently.

Open-Source Graphene Technology

Based on the excellent open-source Graphene technology and BFT optimization algorithms, transaction confirmation is transformed into algorithm proof confirmation. Advantages include support for over 10,000 TPS transaction throughput, with average transaction confirmation latency reaching seconds.

Sharding Technology

Introduces Sharding technology to support horizontal scaling, combining network sharding and transaction sharding. It also provides BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) services, offering developers rich BaaS APIs, data transaction APIs, and native APIs for blockchain application development.

LORA Five-Year Roadmap (2025–2029)

2025: Ecosystem Launch and Technical Deployment

Deploy the LORA mainnet and conduct main chain stability testing;
Establish the LORA developer community and release IDE tools and API documentation;
Launch the beta version of LORA Edge Cloud with initial AI and IoT integration;
Activate the cross-chain bridge to enable asset interoperability with Ethereum/BNB Chain.

2026: Multi-Chain Collaboration and Data Economy Foundation

Release the official version of the "1+N" multi-chain architecture and open sub-chain integration;
Launch a test market for data trading and complete the first round of data ownership certification;
Release LORA Data Value Network (L-DVN) V1.0;
Launch the on-chain identity system (L-DID) with pilot implementations in healthcare and education sectors.

2027: Industry-Level Adoption and AI Integration

Deploy the Distributed AI chain for on-chain training and AI model invocation;
Release AI + Smart Contract platform, supporting model pricing and call mechanisms;
Roll out industry-specific application suites (finance, energy, supply chain) to commercialize the LORA ecosystem;
Secure government or large enterprise-level data partnerships in selected countries and regions.

2028: Financial System Maturation

Launch the L-FIN DeFi ecosystem, including decentralized exchanges, lending, insurance, and stablecoins;
Improve the LORA governance model to enhance community autonomy and token utility;
Expand the number of sidechains to 100+, forming an application-specific chain matrix;
Establish a global edge cloud network supported by multiple data centers.

2029: Global Ecosystem and Infrastructure Standardization

Complete LORA's global rollout, entering foundational service markets in Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe;
Promote LORA as an open-source infrastructure standard for data sovereignty and decentralization;
Launch an ecosystem funding platform to support global DApp and data entrepreneurs;
Position LORA as an integrated infrastructure network for on-chain data markets, intelligent edge applications, and Web3 AI platforms.